Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Both non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and other conditions can cause similar symptoms. So the presence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cannot be given from these symptoms. In this case in establishing the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma an important role is occupied by diagnostic tests.
When non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is diagnosed no symptoms are present to patients. Often the lymphoma is discovered by doctor after a physical examination or an investigation for some other condition, such as a blood test or a chest X-ray.
Symptoms can be divided into four broad groups: swelling in one or more lymph nodes, constitutional symptoms, symptoms that are attributable to lymphoma swellings outside the lymph nodes, symptoms that are attributable to decreased numbers of blood cells.
The most common symptom of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the time of diagnosis is a painless, swollen lymph node, usually in the neck, the armpit or the groin. These swellings do not present pain or other symptoms, but often steadily increase in size. Patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and some with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma present swollen lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis.
Swollen lymph nodes are very common and the people with swollen nodes do not have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most common cause of swollen lymph nodes is infection. Swollen lymph nodes go down after the infection has cleared up.
Other common symptoms include: constitutional symptoms (symptoms of being generally unwell) and symptoms that are attributable to lymphoma swellings outside the lymph nodes. Symptoms indicating that a person is unwell are called constitutional symptoms.
Symptoms that commonly occur in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma include: recurrent, unexplained fevers (with body temperature over 38 degrees Centigrade), night sweats, which may drench nightclothes and sheets, unintended weight loss (defined as losing more than 10% of the body weight in 6 months), severe and persistent fatigue or tiredness and decreased appetite.
Fevers, night sweats and weight loss are used in the staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma stage IIB indicates that one or more of these three symptoms are present, whereas stage IIA indicates that none of these three symptoms is present. These first symptoms are sometimes called 'B symptoms'.
Other symptoms that people with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may experience include: breathlessness or cough itchiness that is persistent and may be felt all over the body.
If the lymphoma is in another part of the body, outside the lymph nodes different symptoms can occur. Abdominal pain, indigestion or diarrhea may be caused by a lymphoma in the stomach or intestines. Recurrent, unexplained fevers, night sweats and unintended weight loss: the so-called 'B symptoms' Fevers, night sweats and weight loss may be present to patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Numbers of blood cells (such as red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) are decreased at people with lymphoma. This happen because the lymphoma is in the bone marrow, where blood cells are made. Sometimes cell numbers can be decreased even if a sign of any bone marrow involvement is not present.
People are tired and breathless when low numbers of red blood cells, or anemia are present. Low numbers of white blood cells make people more prone to infection and low numbers of platelets makes people more likely to bruise or bleed easily. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can appear all of these.
It is important to know these symptoms for a better treatment.
For more resources about lymphoma or even about symptoms of lymphoma please review this page http://www.lymphoma-center.com/symptoms-of-lymphoma.htm
About the distorted reality of people with schizophrenia
It is known that people that have schizophrenia do not have perceptions of reality like a normal person, they live in a distorted world. They experience hallucinations and illusions, that is why they feel frightened, anxious, and confused. It is known that these persons can behave very differently at various times. Sometimes they may seem preoccupied of something, and distant, in other situations they may be rigid, not moving for hours, and sometimes they can appear vigilant and alert.
Disturbances of perception that are often seen in people suffering from schizophrenia are hallucinations and illusions. Hallucinations appear without connection to an appropriate source. There can appear auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory , and olfactory hallucinations, but the most frequent type of hallucination that appears is hearing voices, that the normal people do not hear. These voices can warn of impending dangers, carry on a conversation, give orders, or describe the patient’s activities.
Illusions appear because of a sensory stimulus that is incorrectly interpreted by the person.
Delusions, are false personal beliefs, the ill person imagines some things that are not real. For example, believes it is being persecuted, cheated, harassed, poisoned, or conspired against. These patients can also believe that someone close to them is the focus of this persecution. Sometimes, there can also appear delusions of grandeur, in which a person believes is someone famous. We must also mention that sometimes the delusions experienced by people with schizophrenia are bizarre and very strange.
Schizophrenic patients are not able to concentrate on thoughts very much, can be easily distracted, are unable to focus attention. They are unable to connect thoughts into logical sequences; thoughts are becoming disorganized and fragmented. Because of this so-called thought disorder, conversation may be very difficult, and so, social isolation appears.
In people with schizophrenia, also appears a severe reduction in emotional expressiveness. These persons may avoid contact with others, when forced to interact they will have nothing to say, the interest and enjoyment of life will decrease drastically.
In severe cases, a patient can stay all day doing nothing, neglecting even basic hygiene.
It is known that sometimes, even normal persons may have problems to think straight, or can become anxious, frightened, and confused, and unable to pull their thoughts together, but this doesn’t mean they are schizophrenic. There are people with schizophrenia that do not always act abnormally, and, even more, some of the persons with this disease can act like normal people and be completely responsible even when they experience hallucinations or delusions.
For more information about schizophrenia or even about types of schizophrenia please review this page http://www.schizophrenia-info-center.com/types-of-schizophrenia.htm
How to manage and keep under control diabetes type 2 Mellitus?
Diabetes type 2 Mellitus, also know as non-insulin dependent diabetes is an affection which generally installs at maturity after the age of 45. Until a few years there were not so many cases of obese children but now, as the number of obese children is increasing it is possible for diabetes type 2 to install more precocious as this disease is also caused by obesity.
The pancreas cells are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin makes sure that the level of glucose in blood remains constant. When insulin is not enough or it is inefficient, diabetes type 2 installs. There are two possibilities: one, the pancreatic cells are not producing enough insulin and so the level of glucose in blood remains high and two, the body cells are resistant to insulin and so the pancreas will produce more and more insulin to correct the high level of glucose in blood but as this thing is not possible the level of insulin in blood will be high too.
Most of the diabetes type 2 cases do not present any symptoms at all. In some cases increased thirst, appetite and urination might occur along with blurred vision, fatigue, infections, and erectile dysfunctions.
Diagnosing diabetes is made after the doctor consults the results of the patient's blood test and after the presence of the symptoms. The doctor will be interested in finding out how high it is the level of glucose in blood and this is why he will ask for a blood test.
If the patient has a family history of diabetes type 2 then there is a possibility for him to develop this affection too. In order to prevent diabetes, the patient has to adopt and active lifestyle, to make exercises, to keep a healthy diet, and to monitor the body weight.
In case diabetes has already installed before taking medication the patient will be advised to talk to a nutritionist and to adopt a certain diet. If this diet fails to keep the glucose level in blood under control, then the patient will have to take medication (metformin or gliclazide tablets). These tablets might help the patient produce more insulin if he produces inefficient amounts; might help the cells be more receptive to insulin or might even reduce the glucose rate of absorption from food. In the worse case, if diet and tablets are not efficient, insulin will be administered by injections.
So, if you want to find out more about what causes diabetes or even about diabetes mellitus please follow this link http://diabetes-info-center.com/
